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Physiology

• Large molecules (bound to proteins by 98%) that cannot pass out of choroidal vessels
• Excreted via the liver into the bile
• Near-infrared range (790-805 nm), less scattering than visible light
  • More suitable for use in cloudy media, hemorrhages, etc.

Indication

• Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV)
• Pigment epithelial detachment
• Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV)
• Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR)
• Intraocular tumors
• Inflammatory choroidal diseases
  • Serpiginous choroiditis, Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (AMPPE), Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome (MEWDS), Birdshot chorioretinopathy, multifocal choroiditis

Side Effects

• Nausea and vomiting are rare
• Allergic reaction in case of iodine allergy / shellfish
• Contraindicated in liver diseases

Sources

• EyeWiki Indocyanin Green Angiography
• The Wills Eye Manual: Office and Emergency Room Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease; Kalla Gervasio MD, Travis Peck MD et al; Lippincott Williams&Wilkins; 8th Edition (2021)
• Kanski’s Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach; John E Salmon MD; Elsevier; 9th Edition (2019)