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Findings
- Asymptomatic, visual impairment, metamorphopsia
- Parallel arranged (typically horizontal) folds, typically at the posterior pole 1
Causes
- Endocrine orbitopathy
- High hyperopia
- Hypotony
- Nonspecific orbital inflammation
- Idiopathic
- Neovascular membrane
- Orbital/choroidal tumors
- Posterior scleritis
- Postoperative
- Retrobulbar mass/tumors
- Papilledema
- Trauma
Work-up
- Visual acuity, refraction, Amsler grid
- Intraocular pressure
- OCT 2, autofluorescence
- B-scan ultrasound
- consider ICG/fluorescein angiography
- consider MRI orbit
Sources
- The Wills Eye Manual: Office and Emergency Room Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease; Kalla Gervasio MD, Travis Peck MD et al; Lippincott Williams&Wilkins; 8th Edition (2021)
- Review of Ophthalmology: Neil J. Friedman; Peter K. Kaiser; William B. Trattler; Elsevier, 3rd Edition (2018)
- Bagnis A, Cutolo CA, Corallo G, Musetti D, Nicolò M, Traverso CE. Chorioretinal folds: a proposed diagnostic algorithm. Int Ophthalmol. 2019 Nov;39(11):2667-2673. doi: 10.1007/s10792-019-01083-y. Epub 2019 Feb 20. PMID: 30788659.
- Agrawal M, Tripathy K. Choroidal Folds. [Updated 2022 Feb 21]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557772/
- 1 von Eyerounds.org, © The University of Iowa; Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0).
- 1 Contributor: Matthew Benage, MD; Randy Kardon, MD, PhD
- 2 von retinagallery.com, Contributor: Steven M Coven